{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "releaseId": "2026-10-23",
  "publishedOn": "2026-10-23",
  "knownAt": "2026-10-23T06:48:43Z",
  "baselineReviewedOn": "2026-10-06",
  "description": "Latest supplied research, with separate US federal and state findings. Unknown legal effective dates are null.",
  "dataset": "Foreign reinsurance tax research",
  "version": "2026-10-23",
  "verified": null,
  "licence": "CC BY 4.0 — KAFS North America, https://insurers.global; underlying source rights remain with their publishers.",
  "scope": "europe",
  "timeBasis": "recordedAt is knowledge time; effectiveFrom/effectiveTo are legal validity [start,end), null means unknown. Latest research is not a confirmed current-law or all-in rate.",
  "data": {
    "id": "ES",
    "name": "Spain",
    "level": "country",
    "parentId": null,
    "continent": "europe",
    "marketSlug": "spain",
    "stateSlug": null,
    "federalReference": null,
    "observations": [
      {
        "id": "es-20261023-01",
        "recordedAt": "2026-10-23T06:48:42Z",
        "reviewedOn": "2026-10-06",
        "supersedes": null,
        "changeReason": "Initial publication of supplied research; earlier tax history not reconstructed.",
        "status": "supported",
        "summary": "1.5% on premiums ceded to a non-resident reinsurer without a Spanish PE, before applicable treaty relief. Reinsurance IPT exemption is separate.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/ayuda/manuales-videos-folletos/manuales-practicos/manual-tributacion-no-residentes/capitulo-03-tributacion-rentas-comunes-nr/rendimientos-derivados-actividades-economicas/rend-activid-economicas-sin-ep.html",
            "label": "sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es",
            "sourceDate": "current authority manual"
          }
        ],
        "components": [
          {
            "key": "reported-treatment",
            "taxType": "Non-resident income tax / IPT",
            "rateDisplay": "1.5% income tax; IPT exempt",
            "ratePercent": null,
            "basis": "See source and conditions; not an all-in tax rate.",
            "effectiveFrom": null,
            "effectiveTo": null,
            "status": "supported",
            "conditions": "1.5% on premiums ceded to a non-resident reinsurer without a Spanish PE, before applicable treaty relief. Reinsurance IPT exemption is separate.",
            "sourceIndexes": [
              0
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}